But how much depends in the instrument and personal preferences. This inharmonicity explains why, on a piano, the bass has to be tuned lower than the theoretical frequency and the descant higher. It is caused by the stiffness of the string and can be different from instrument to instrument. This is known as the “Inharmonicity” of a piano string. If the partials had a harmonic proportion of frequencies to each other, the second harmonic would have a value of 880 Hertz and the fourth harmonic 1760 Hertz.
For example, the tone produced by a piano string for tone A4 can consist of a 440 Hz fundamental, with a second harmonic at 881 Hz and a fourth harmonic at 1768 Hz. Striking a string on a piano produces a tone consisting of several harmonics which are not in tune with their fundamentals. Posted in Arduino Hacks, Musical Hacks Tagged dds, piano, piano tuning Post navigation More recently, we’ve seen an old piano hacked for ragtime and if you decide you are giving up on piano lessons, you can always convert your instrument into a workbench. We’ve seen self-tuning pianos and the use of an oscilloscope for tuning, but those links are long dead. As it was, the cheap switch used caused problems and required a replacement and very careful soldering. We might have opted for a rotary encoder and a display or even some LEDs to make a cheap alternative. The final design calls for a 24-position rotary switch which is tough to find. It is interesting that the final design isn’t the first one attempted and there is an explanation of why the first design wasn’t successful. If we learned any of that in childhood piano classes, we’ve forgotten it.įor those whose quest for precision isn’t that critical, note that the difference between two notes can be as little as 0.3316 Hz. If you know about the chromatic scale, the equal temperament system, and how many cents are in an octave, you might want to skip the first section. The post has a lot of detail about how piano tuning works. You tune the string to the corresponding note. Instead, it generates a precise frequency and couples it to the piano using a transducer. Oddly enough, the device doesn’t have a display. decided to build something better and cheaper using a 32-bit Arduino and a DDS frequency generator chip on a breakout board. So you can spend $800 for precision or $60 for something less. A cheap tuner unit might be accurate to 1.5 cents which sounds good until you look at one for ten times the price and find it is accurate to 0.1 cents. Knows that tuning musical instruments is all about precision and that precision is measured in a logarithmic unit called a cent.
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